The Manicure - A Psycho-social Experience Essay -- Exploratory Essays

The Manicure - A Psycho-social Experience There’s in no way like Strawberry Champagne or Park Avenue Orchids to tell the world that you need to have a fabulous time. Peppermint and Funshine Pink radiate energetic honesty while Chinese Red is out and out attractive. Dark Cherry includes a touch of genuine refinement to an effectively compelling aura. What's more, for those all the more smooth states of mind, Grand Canyon Sunset and Beach Blanket Mauve make certain to have an alleviating sway. It’s valid. Nail shading can reflect the inward sentiments and feelings of the individual wearing it. Truth be told, there is a whole mental measurement to nailsâ€mental wellbeing being an essential motivation behind why individuals get nail treatments. Scarcely any individuals will confess to completing their nails exclusively for sterile purposes. My motivation for completing my nails is two-crease. Getting a nail treatment once a month keeps my nails sound and gives my hands a gentler and cleaner look, in any event, when my nails are not cleaned. Other than that, however, it’s an unwinding and fun blessing I provide for myself. I figure that on the off chance that I don’t go through $15.00 every month on myself, who will? Individuals are continually revealing to me that getting a nail treatment is an exercise in futility and cash and that I could do my nails myself and give to noble cause the cash I â€Å"waste† every month. I’ll give twice as much cash to noble cause, yet I will not surrender this valuable month to month custom. I am not by any means the only one liable of enjoying this custom. Alongside my individual â€Å"manicurees,† I have made an individual interest in a billion-dollar business that has cleared the U.S. as of late. Every day, this developing part of the individual help industry is answerable for causing many hands and individuals look and to feel essentially divine. The act of nail co... ...o me. My nails looked fine; indeed, they looked extraordinary. Be that as it may, that wasn’t the point. The fact of the matter was I didn’t feel loose, spoiled, extraordinary, and greatâ€like I for the most part did after a nail treatment. Nail trims are tied in with looking incredible and feeling extraordinary. Base coat isn't basic, and having your arms kneaded is really an extravagance one can manage without. Manicurists are paid to give their customer a nail treatment, yet notwithstanding the nail treatment the customer gets an encounter which gives a chance to unwind, tattle, tell somebody her issues, or do whatever she wants to do. Red tips at the Indus Valley, cleaning powder in Paris, fluid nail clean in New York, Fire and Ice across America, and nail salons in rural towns all make them thing in like manner. They are tied in with accomplishing a bonus for yourself. Extraordinary looking nails aren’t a need; they’re an extravagance.

Essay --

The 1980’s The time of the 1980’s is generally known for its splendidly hued stockings, and prodded hair. Notwithstanding, the vast majority of us tend overlook the occasions that roused these generally perceived patterns. Political force, financial unsteadiness, and Sequins, trim, and tutu’s are simply a hallucination of what the eighties were genuinely about. The social and monetary occasions of the 1980’s severy affected the design decisions of American ladies during this time. The political occasions in America all through the eighties will consistently be recalled when saying one straightforward, yet very stuffed name, Ronald Reagan. In 1981 Reagan was chosen with one of the nations most elevated generally speaking acknowledgment rates. Reagan was a previous Hollywood entertainer his mystique and idealistic style wore off on individuals and America adored him. We will consistently recollect. We will consistently be pleased. We will consistently be readied, so we may consistently be free. [at the D-Day Commemoration in Normandy] Reagan had a direct, to the point that republicans adored and democrats regarded. With Reagans political race came guarantees of a splendid future for the US, similar to tax reductions and lower spending. [G]overnment's perspective on the economy could be summarized in a couple of short expressions: If it moves, charge it. On the off chance that it continues moving, control it. What's more, on the off chance that it quits moving, s ponsor it. [Reagan talking about the White House Conference on Small Business] However a little while later, military spending started to rise, causing eliminates from positions and some assessment increments. These and different decisions Ronald Reagan made in office got known as â€Å"Reaganomics.† The way of life was changing all through this time too, a slang term known as the â€Å"yuppie† was conceived. This term was usually used to portray a child of post war America, with an advanced degree, well p... ...ng an announcement any place they went and the originators of today are despite everything attempting to highlight the body and communicate sexuality. Advertisement battle plans were changed remarkably during the 1980’s by receiving that pitching an item with a captivating lady, home, or family would make the requirement for buyers to purchase a decent or administration exclusively with the end goal of have having a superior way of life. This publicizing thought went through the most recent couple of decades is as yet present in the American culture today. The convictions of the eighties were strengthening and gave adolescences the decision to be anything they desired to be. Regardless of whether that was a pop-symbol, an innovator, or a government official, the 1980’s was a period of strengthening and positive thinking. These principals are still educated to youngsters in our general public today lecturing the estimations of self-esteem and steadiness to follow thei r fantasies.

Science Fiction Short Stories to Read Online (And Where to Find Them)

Science Fiction Short Stories to Read Online (And Where to Find Them) Were really in a second golden age of science fiction short stories, with multiple excellent outlets that not only publish these stories, but put them online for free. Heres a list of a few good stories to get you startedâ€"which, trust me, is just scraping the surface of all that was excellent in 2017â€"and more importantly where you can look for more! So rather than as a long list of just stories, well link you to a publication and give you a couple examples of their offerings. Please note that this list, presented in no particular order, is non-exhaustive and Ive focused mostly on places that pay their writers pro rates. Lightspeed Lightspeed is an online magazine that publishes both science fiction and fantasy short stories. Theyre also the originators of Women Destroy Science Fiction, a immensely successful project that was a reaction to jerks on the internet whinging that women were ruining science fiction with their lady something-or-others. (Which launched into other great Kickstarted special issues,  Queers Destroy Science Fiction and People of Colo(u)r Destroy Science Fiction.) The Greatest One-Star Restaurant in the Whole Quadrant by Rachael K Jones Later, Lets Tear Up the Inner Sanctum by A. Merc Rustad Uncanny Uncanny is the official magazine of Space Unicorns everywhere. They publish a mix of science fiction and fantasy thats weird and meaty and always beautifully written. Theyve also taken up the  Destroy mantel from Lightspeed, with their upcoming  Disabled People Destroy Science Fiction  successfully kickstarted in July (and about to enter its reading period for stories). Fandom for Robots by Vina Jie-Min Prasad Henosis by NK Jemisin Daily Science Fiction Daily Science Fiction  not only publishes all their stories online, but if you sign up for their mailing list theyll send them directly to your email, one per weekday. Because of the frequency of publication, they mostly publish flash fiction. And it should be noted that even though science fiction is in their name, its actually a mix of scifi, fantasy, and borderline horror. Two lists discovered folded in the wallet of space explorer Jorge Finnegan after the Reliant wreckage was recovered from Tau Ceti e by Sylvia Spruck Wrigley Saudade by Cassandra Khaw Apex Magazine Apex Magazine tends toward the darker end of the science fiction and fantasy spectrum, sometimes going into borderline horror. But the darkness can be so lovely, and when they step into the light theyre delightfully strange and bitingly beautiful. Welcome to Your Authentic Indian Experienceâ„¢ by Rebecca Roanhorse Say, She Toy by Chesya Burke Escape Pod Escape Pod is a little different because their emphasis is on publishing audio science fiction in a free-to-download podcast. The text of each story is also available on their website, however. Red in Tooth and Cog by Cat Rambo The Wind You Touch When You Run by James Beamon Shimmer Shimmer cover, 2017 Shimmer publishes fantasy, science fiction, and some almost-unclassifiable-but-still-definitely-genre stuff, with the emphasis on it having an indefinable but still definite shimmery quantity. Feathers and Void by Charles Payseur The Atomic Hollows and the Bodies of Science by Octavia Cade Strange Horizons Strange Horizons is venerable as online magazines go and tends to look for the different, daring, and unusual. They publish a mix of science fiction, fantasy, and the occasional bit of horror that catches their ear, ranging from the deep to the sublimely ridiculous. Krace is Not a Highway by Scott Vanyur Airswimming by Aisha Phoenix These Constellations Will Be Yours by Elaine Cuyegkeng Clarkesworld Clarkesworld is another long-running magazine that has a particular stylistic twist of weirdness to its stories, both science fiction and fantasy. Back issues are easily available on the website under the appropriately named tab. Prasetyo Plastics by DA Xiaolin Spires The Secret Life of Bots by Suzanne Palmer GiGaNoToSaurus GigaNotoSaurus is a bit of an oddity because its not really short fiction as such…it tends to publish novellettes and novellas, really focusing on great fiction that tends to be a bit too long for most of the other venus. Because of the mighty length of most of the stories, they only tend to publish one per month. They publish both fantasy and science fiction. With Perfect Clarity by Wendy N. Wagner Salvage by Tracy Canfield Tor.com Tor.com has already made its name publishing SFF novellas with its imprint, but it also has a lot of great essays on its siteâ€"and regular installments of science fiction short stories and fantasy as well. Theyve got the freedom to do a lot of lengths, so youll find both very short and nearly novella-length on the site. Original fiction index can be found here, labeled for ease of finding the flavor you like. The Future of Hunger in an Age of Programmable Matter by Sam J Miller Waiting on a Bright Moon by JY Yang Sanctuary by Allen Steele Fireside Fiction Fireside Fiction is a very fierce outlet with a strong point of view (check out their statement of values, which is A+) that does absolutely ferocious science fiction and fantasy. They do quite a bit of flash fiction to go along with their short stories. Also worthy of noting that since 2015 they have been commissioning yearly reports on the representation of Black authors in speculative fiction to track the very real underrepresentation problem. Caesura by Hayley Stone Regarding Your Future With The Futures Planning Consortium by Raq Winchester Fran Wilde We Who Stay Behind by Karl Dandenell Terraform Terraform is a project of Motherboard that focuses on science fiction short stories, particularly near-future work. What they publish has a broad tonal range even if its one of the most focused in terms of its genre. Dark was the night, and cold the ground by Miguel Fernández-Flores The Wretched and the Beautiful by E. Lily Yu If youre looking for a place to check out science fiction short story reviews (also fantasy and horror) to get recommendations or ideas on other places to look, I heartily recommend Charles Payseurs Quick Sip Reviews. Natalie Luhrs has a short fiction review series at her blog. Locus Online also does short fiction issue reviews. Also worth noting: Book Riot has a great list of science fiction short story collections by authors of color that you might want to check out! Sign up to Swords Spaceships to  receive news and recommendations from the world of science fiction and fantasy.

Using Animals in Research is Bad! Essay - 585 Words

Have you ever wondered about what a product or a medicine goes through before it gets to us on the store shelves? Products from deodorant to Viagra to weed killer go through years of tests before a regulating body decides they are safe for us to use. The FDA approves drugs and cosmetics and he EPA regulates chemicals that are used and may be harmful to the environment. However before these products are even considered by these regulatory bodies they must go through years of testing. Testing that is unfortunately done on defenseless animals. Each year 50 to 100 million vertebrate animals, such as mice, rats, rabbits, cats and dogs are used in experiments to test products such as medicines, lipstick, household cleaners and pesticides.†¦show more content†¦This type of test is disturbing due to the fact that there are several highly sensitive non-animal tests that can be done to detect chemical-induced genetic mutations but the government still requires companies to poison a nimals to see whether or not they will develop cancer. The standard test of the kind is the â€Å"rodent cancer bioassay.† Mice and rats are subjected to a lifetime of chemical exposure to the chemicals in all new or reformulated pesticides, food additives, and drugs. Studies have proven that these tests are found to have more than a 70 percent false-positive rate. The final group of tests that are performed on animals is product tests. No law requires that cosmetics and household products be tested on animals however, the FDA does urge companies to conduct whatever tests are necessary to establish that their products are safe and the Consumer Safety Product Commission that regulates household products does not require animal testing yet many companies do it anyway. I have saved what I feel is the most cruel aspect of animals testing is that done on primates. Primates are known to be sensitive, intelligent beings that share many important biological and physiological ch aracteristics with humans. Baby primates that are born in labs are forcibly torn from their screaming mothers usually within three days of birth and theShow MoreRelatedShould We Use Animals For Experiments?1335 Words   |  6 PagesMust For years, people think of using animals for an experiment is an awful thing to do. It may seem to be disturbed to some people, but it helped medical researchers to figure out and create new medicines to cure the illnesses that have not a cure yet. How could animals help us with the experiment? If we cannot use animals, then what or who could replace them? Should we use humans for experiments? Until now, people still argue whether we should stop using animals for experiments or not. What peopleRead MoreArguments Against Animal Testing1157 Words   |  5 PagesWhat comes to mind when thinking about animal experimentation? Thoughts of innocent, lovable animals being stabbed with sharp needles? Well, that is not exactly the case, as animal experimentation plays a very important role in human health today. However, the idea of animals testing has become quite a controversial topic. Over the past few decades, there has been an extensive debate over the use of animals in medical and prod uct testing. The majority of people seem to think that it is an unnecessaryRead MoreWe Need to Get Rid of Animal Testing742 Words   |  3 Pages21st Century In the 21st century I would get rid of animal testing .Animal research has had a vital role in many scientific and medical advances of the past century and continues to aid our understanding of various diseases throughout the world. There are countless reasons why I would personally get rid of animal testing. Just like everything there are advantages and disadvantages. For example the internet is advantageous because you can find useful information about your city, your homework andRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1056 Words   |  5 Pages When using cosmetics or common house cleaning products many do not realize that they are supporting animal cruelty. Animal testing is among the most disturbing experiments being done today. Vivisection is the practice of animal experimentation. It can include administering drugs, infecting animals with diseases, poisoning for toxicity testing, brain damaging, maiming, blinding, and other painful invasive procedures. Animal testing has protocols that cause severe suffering such as long-term socialRead MoreVivisection Essay example1710 Words   |  7 PagesEvery year in the USA about 70 million animals are experimented on (Monamy 34). Almost all these animals are euthanized after they are no longer needed. But I’m not going to focus on the moral aspect of this subject because that would be a never ending argument of opinions. After doing research I found that there are more important reasons why this practice should be modified. Our government’s dependence on vivisecti on should be toned down or totally replaced because it is misleading, its faultyRead MoreShould Animals Be Used For Scientific Experiments?1189 Words   |  5 Pagesjustifying the use of animals for scientific research to benefit man, to giving them the right to live life alongside man? This brings up the debate: should animals be used in scientific experiments (â€Å"†¦procedures performed on living animals for purposes of research into basic biology and diseases, assessing the effectiveness of..† Humane Society International)? This debate has been going on for centuries, and still very prevalent in today’s society. Especially with the rise of animal activist groups suchRead MoreAnimal Rights : Where Are The Limits?1680 Words   |  7 PagesAdrianna Steele Dr. Beutel ENG 101 November 18, 2014 Animal Rights: Where Are The Limits? Do animals deserve the natural rights humans have? Animals are being kept captive in science labs to test many things. In research labs they are used to test many trivial products and they are also used in valuable medical research. Many animal right activists go as far as breaking the law as an attempt to get the point across about the wellbeing of animals in science labs instead of being civil about the mannerRead MoreAmazed by Cloning1544 Words   |  6 Pagesgood and bad things about cloning, human cloning, and bringing back endangered species with the use of cloning. Information includes the processes and some animals that have been cloned. The history includes the different cloning achievements starting with the first artificial twin. The good and bad parts will of course talk about the pros and cons of cloning. Human cloning tells what is the use of it and how people feel about it. The last part talks about the possibility of using cloning toRead MorePersuasive Essay On Animal Testing1155 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Testing Animal experiments happen all over the world, but are they necessary? Animals are tested for medical research as well as for cosmetics. Some say that these experiments are not painful, so they are justified. Where others believe that all these experiments are inhumane and nothing can justify torturing and killing innocent animals. Although many believe that animal testing is the best way to improve human health by finding new treatments and tests for the safety of the productsRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Animal Testing1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Each year in USA laboratories more then 100 million animals are burned, poisoned and lamed (Top 5 Shocking Animal Experimentation Facts). Each year scientists use animals in order to progress, to improve life of people and animals. However, many testing animals suffer and die. But others do not agree and support the fact that we should use animals because of advance. So what are advantages and disadvantages of using animals? This problem will be researched from different areas such as

The Is Not The Only Accusation Made By God Against Israel...

Idolatry was not the only accusation made by God against Israel and Judah. Corruption had become the norm for the priest, leaders, businessmen, and common man alike. The people of these nations cared only about what they had and wanted. They would lie, cheat, steal, and even kill to get what they wanted. Their priests would only teach if they were paid. God gave the priests a position of trust and responsibility to be the caretakers of the people. They were supposed to be the shepherds, not the oppressors, of God’s people. Instead, they turned their backs on God’s law and began selling themselves for money, power, and approval while they hid behind the appearance of righteousness. God warned them that all of the wealth and possessions they had prostituted themselves to get would once again be used to buy other prostitutes. This statement may be confusing to some so look at what God is saying. The people of Israel sold their integrity, morals, and beliefs for pleasure, popularity, and personal gain. God is now telling them that all of these things will be taken from them and Satan will use them to lure other people into the same type of prostitution. God’s warnings and accusations that are recorded in the books of the Major and Minor Prophets are not just for these ancient Kingdoms. They apply to our world today. If we focus on His accusations of evil and not the people or nations that these prophets warned, we can see the same rebellion and wickedness in ourShow MoreRelatedThe Old Testament : What Are The Fundamental Teachings This Amazing Story?1493 Words   |  6 Pageskey theme that can be seen throughout. Notably, it is that despite our many sins God s desires a personal relationship with his people. So how did it all begin? Well as it reads God created the heavens and the earth. He created every living thing that is in the universe and he created man, male and female did he create them. And he placed Adam and Eve in a garden and gave them everything that they needed only stimulating that they could not eat from the tree in the center of the garden, theRead MoreReading The Old Testament Prophets1045 Words   |  5 Pages informs the reader of Gods judgment and salvation. Isaiah focuses on the salvation that will come through the Messiah. It was the prophet Isaiah’s desire that those who heard and read his words would be convicted and turn away from evil and turn their life over to God for forgiveness and healing. In regards to Isaiah 1:1-19 it is about Israel’s condition and God’s solution to it. The judgment from God had come upon the people of Judah because they had sinned against Him. His judgment wouldRead MoreChristian Crusades And The Spanish Inquisition Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesconquest of Canaan was an act of divine cruelty. I can see this accusation being leveled due to the Christian Crusades, which began in 1095 and showed no love of God nor adherence to God’s commands. The formation of the Spanish Inquisition, which began in 1478, and led the inquisitors to believe that their gruesome actions actually saved Jews from their fate awaiting them in the afterlife; since the Jews were dying at the hands of God s children, their eternal spirits would be altered by the knowledgeRead MoreThe Book of Obadiah 2812 Words   |  11 PagesThis brief book of the Hebrew Bible is very significant in that it is one of only two of the Minor Prophetic books that are add ressed entirely to a nation other than Israel and Judah. The Book of Obadiah deals with the ancient feud between Israel and the nation of Edom, between the descendants of Jacob and those of his brother Esau. Through the prophet Obadiah, the Lord expressed His indignation at the nation of Edom. When they should have been helping their relatives, they were gloating overRead MoreThe Prophet Amos and the Zimbabwean Context9884 Words   |  40 Pagesmovement, where ecstasy, which has been cited by many scholars as illustrating the borrowed phenomenon, has been replaced or fundamentally undermined by a more rationalistic approach to problems bedevilling Israel. Amos, it can be argued, seems to have inaugurated a movement of rationalist who made sense out of the word of Yahweh. It is in this light that a critical analysis of the book of Amos will reveal even the relevance of Amos’ thought patterns to the Africans and Zimbabweans in particular. InRead MoreThe Debate Of Wisdom Lit erature2468 Words   |  10 Pagesthis is an orderly made cosmos and ultimately all injustices will be turned to good. Proverbs, written in its final form in the third century B.C. is a collection of aphorisms and poems within the relationship between wisdom, righteousness and religious devotion. In tone and form wisdom literature differs from divine revelation and is grounded in observation of and human reflection upon experience. Furthermore, unlike the laws of the Pentateuch, which were proposed in coming from God, and unlike theRead MoreGod Is Great5462 Words   |  22 Pagesstudy will have as much impact in your life as it has had in mine. Part 1: The Sin The story begins in 2 Samuel 11:1: 1 Then it happened in the spring, at the time when kings go out to battle, that David sent Joab and his servants with him and all Israel, and they destroyed the sons of Ammon and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed at Jerusalem. At the very root of Davids problems, we find a king who wasnt where he belonged. If David had been out in the battlefield, where the king was supposed to beRead More A Report on Esther Essay2850 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Throughout time, people have attempted to destroy the nation of Israel, the â€Å"apple of God’s eye.† It was because from the Jews, came the covenants, promises, the law, and the messiah—the savior of the world. God’s chosen people are the enemy of Satan, the prince of this world, and the conflict started back in Genesis 3:15. While a remnant from Judah returned to the land promised to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, other Jews remained in the cities of their captivity. Some were welcomedRead MoreReligious Education School Based Assessment2145 Words   |  9 PagesMoses since he was not only one of the greatest advocates for black repatriation in the Western World but also since he prophetically introduced and announced the coming of the Messiah. When the early Rastas heard of the crowing of King  Selassie - they knew that Marcuss prophecy was fulfilled.   Early Rastafarians were not accepted by the Jamaican population at large. They were looked at as dirty and grimy men that lived in the hills and used drugs, mainly Ganja, spoke against the government and believedRead Morewhy people backslide13805 Words   |  56 Pageswho has fallen into a particular sin for a time, has backslidden. However, this is a misuse of the term as found in Scripture. Scripture never uses the term of a believer. It is only used in the sense of apostasy, which is turning aside from God and the way in which He commands us to walk, following after other gods. It is not used in reference to one who has, for a time, fallen into sin, but of one who has fallen away and forsaken Him entirely. You have forsaken me says the Lord, you

Impact of motivation on employee performance Free Essays

Entrepreneurship is the tendency of a person to organize his own business and run it profitably, exploiting the qualities of leadership, decision making, managerial caliber, etc. Risk Talking Risk-taking In Its true sense Indicates that risk Is Ignored In taking decisions and actions. We should rightfully use the word ‘risk averse’ for the entrepreneurs. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of motivation on employee performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Risk averseness implies taking ‘calculated’ risk and expecting premium for the risk taken. As the risk goes up the expected premium in return also goes up at a higher rate. Calculated risk means a few things, namely, Determining how much risk one should take. Risk taking ability of a rich person Is higher than that of a poor person. Still, two equally rich persons In equal situations may not equally perceive the risk in a given opportunity. 0 Risk assessment is equally important. 0 Risk mitigation is the final step that a risk-averse person would consider while taking calculated risk. Risk mitigation means taking steps to manage risk. For example, Insurance against non-business Is essential; Identify non-business risks and insure them. Sense of limits In every society people develop sense of limits from parents, friends and rounding’s. These are the limits of what we can do and what we cannot, and what we can accomplish and what we cannot. Such sense of limit Is a result of social permissiveness at a given point of time In a society. On one side, developing such sense of limit is desirable because without adhering to social norms a society cannot function as a civilized society. On the other, the same sense of limit would impose more ‘don’t’ than ‘dos’. Entrepreneurs are different. Hem do not abide by the limits recognized by the society or they fight against these limits. CLC Locus of control There are two types of people in the world- (I) those who blame others and external situations for whatever happens with them, and those who believe that they could have done something better to avoid certain situations that happened with them. The first type of behavior of people is called ‘external locus of control’ and the second ‘Internal locus of control’. It Is obvious from the definition that entrepreneurs have ‘Internal locus of control’. The sense of Internal locus of control gives tremendous to learn from failures rather than accepting fate. 0 Control of future Entrepreneurs are always in control of the situation. Their responses to the unfolding situations are more matured rather than like reactions. This gives them control over the current period as well as the future. Creators Entrepreneurs create ideas, businesses and organizations. Often they like businesses that are unique compared to the routine ones. They like challenges and deal with them in a unique or creative way. Entrepreneurs are good at startups. Need for achievement We would like to include one more characteristic over what Hofmann listed; and that is entrepreneur’s need for achievement. Entrepreneurs do not start business for making money. Money and profits are not his primary goals. Their passion, thus, is to convert their dreams into reality. 0 Ethics This is yet another characteristic that Hofmann did not discuss. Can anything substitute ethics for a successful person? Can an entrepreneur be unethical and still make long-term success and attain his need for attainment? A true entrepreneur, since he is not driven by motives of profits but needs to achieve or do something different for getting sense of satisfaction, will demonstrate high degree of business ethics. Ethical game is necessary for a long-term player in the business of innovation. Q. 2†¦.. Business plan is a written description of the business. It is comprehensive in nature and comprises details like promoters, existing and proposed products and/or services, know-how and techniques intended to use, among others. A brief description of contents of business plan. Description of venture: For an existing business, the details like date of establishment, Journey over time with significant milestones, employee data, sales and profit data over time (if history is too long then selected period of say, five years’ tat would be enough), organization structure, operating philosophy, vision and mission statements, and details of enabling factors are important. 0 Operations plan: Several o perations have to be carried out with a view to succeed in providing products and services. The business activity must be clearly broken down into the discreet operations and details must be provided how those operations will be performed given the resources. If the operations plan fail then production plan would also automatically fail. 0 Production plan: In case of manufacturing activity, the details of technology and its ministrations, success factors, realistic assumptions regarding utilization of plant capacity supported with evidences from other businesses, processes, manpower of material and several other details that can have an impact on production would become an essential part of production plan. Organizational plan: In the absence of strong organizational backing the most lucrative business can also fail measurably. Business operates in a very dynamic environment, whether internal or external. A business organization must develop capability of capturing information regarding the changing external variable that may effect the current business or future opportunit ies of the business. Marketing plan: A business needs to define a market in terms of geographical area or demographic details of potential customers or consumers. Market feasibility report would help in identifying the scope of business opportunity, and from that canvass, a businessman has to determine the right segment of market wherein he would like to do business. Promotion plan, distribution network and other marketing policies are useful in evaluating the potential market for the goods and services offered by the business. Financial plan: The contents of the business plan are now converted into the financial numbers to present the financial plan. The financial plan gives income statements and balance-sheets for the projected period, depreciation schedule, interest payment schedule, working capital schedule, disability schedule, cash flow statements, working capital financing schedule and schedule of funds to be raised and serviced. The financial plan also includes calculation of several ratios that are useful in the evaluation of funding options. 0 Assessment of risks: The production and marketing plans are usually prepared on he most realistic scenario. If actual scenario turns out to be better than anticipated (sales price is higher, sales quality is higher, expenses are lower, among others), then there is a positive surplus profit. But what if things do not turn out as good as estimates and cost of project goes up, cost of capital is higher, enough capital is not available, sales price remain low, sales quantity is less, expenses are higher, skilled people are not available, among others. The assessment of down-side impact of risk must be assessed, if not upside reward of risk. Q. 3†¦ Answer†¦.. Marketing is a function over which we can have only an influencing power but hardly any control over the outcome. Therefore, marketing function is very important especially for a new enterprise. The market analysis is done before a business plan is prepared and it is included in the business plan, I. E. , at the project phase of a proposed business. Market Assessment base, primarily aimed at checking whether there is gap between demand and supply if the product or service that will be offered by the entrepreneur is an existing product with or without modifications. In case of a new product, the market assessment at time is Just an informed evaluation of potential market. Market assessment aims at defining the market that would be most appropriate for the product and that would give strongest opportunity for the long-term growth. This involves matching the product with customer needs. This strategy of defining the market segment for you is derived from customer research and competitive analysis. 0 Impact of Market Dynamics An entrepreneur must understand the market dynamics. Conceptually, demand and supply determine the price. Demand and supply constantly change and, therefore, pricing mechanism becomes dynamic, which is called market dynamics. Several factors play a role in affecting supply and demand and thereby, the prices of products. Competitors’ price, income level, employment level, inflation, production level, government policies and a host of other factors individually and collectively affect the pricing of a product. 0 Achieving Market Acceptance The proof of success is finally in attaining the sales level at profitable conditions. The essence of it is in achieving market acceptance of products and services. Start-ups eave a greater risk in achieving market acceptance than the firms already in business. However, for the existing business too market acceptance of a new product is risky. 0 Day-to-Day Operation There are several aspects of day-to-day operations. Procurement, storage, production, transportation, inventory holding, sales, collections, maintenance, man-management and several other functions together can make operations possible. In today’s world, management of information technology is also a matter of daily operations. However, we will discuss only two important aspects of day to- day operations here. They are namely, (I) procurement of material-inventory and (it) use of information technology. Strategies for Growth The issue of growth is strategic in nature, therefore, it involve strategic thinking, and hence, application of SOOT analysis. A SOOT analysis model must suit the need for answering a particular question, which is related to either direction of growth or rate of growth or strategy for growth. Strategic models are described and their applications are explained in each of these fields of strategic decisions in the following sections of this unit. Growth Direction Decision Synergy is the measure of an effect on the net benefits of combining more than one activity. Synergy is said to exist when the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. The presence of some strength and its best fit with available opportunities are essential for creating a positive synergy. For the growth direction issue the synergy is searched in the areas of product and market. A SOOT analysis on these two parameters can give a quick idea about the value creating growth alternatives. How to cite Impact of motivation on employee performance, Papers

The Use of Force free essay sample

The Use of Force The point of view in the story The Use of Force is in first person narrative. This conveys inner the inner thoughts of the narrator as the doctor. The doctor is a reliable narrator and an observer. I feel that his personality is brought out in the doctor. So the doctors thoughts and behaviors are a reflection of the authors. As for the setting it takes place at a familys home. I think it takes place somewhere in the early 1900s. I think it would make a difference to the story if it were set somewhere else, only because if the sick girl was brought to like a hospital for xample, maybe she would have been diagnosed and helped sooner without all the hassle that occurred at the house. The diction of the story is simple. It doesnt seem too complicated and is easy to make sense of. We will write a custom essay sample on The Use of Force or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The author makes his points, and plot of the story clear and easy to understand. The personality of the Doctor is thoughtful. He comes into the house trying to help the sick girl, but after he realizes how shes behaving his personality starts to change. He gets a lot less patient and angrier. The mothers personality is sort of frantic and nervous. Shes worried about her child, and when the doctor has to use other methods of helping her, she starts to become more worrisome and a little annoying. The fathers personality is kind of concealed but nervous too about his daughter. He doesnt seem to show much emotion. The daughters personality is concealed and aggressive. I think the doctors personality has he most dramatic change in the story. Like I said, he comes into the house ready to help someone, and after all the being shut out by the child, he starts to get angrier and his thoughts become a little more arker. The conflict in the story is trying to help this little girl. I feel like the conflict changes when the girl becomes more aggressive and wont give in to getting help. The conflict reaches a climax at the end when the doctor struggles to get the girls mouth open and she refuses. The resolution is when the wooden stick breaks, so he uses a metal spoon and he finally gets her mouth open and fgures out what was wrong with her. The effect that this plot had on the story is that it put the focus on the girl and doctor. I think the theme to the story is irony. The reason I think its irony is because of the conflict between the doctor and the girl. You would expect a doctor to be gentle and trustful. Thats the way it starts out in the story but when the girl starts refusing medical attention, the doctor must use methods of forcing her. Thats where the name The Use of Force plays in. the theme does provide insight on the human condition, it shows that under a certain amount of stress, or anger, your mindset or personality could change instantly. I dont think any of the characters experienced an epiphany. A Visit Of Charity. The point of view in the story A visit of Charity is in the third person narrative. I the little girl, Marians, point of view. I think Marian is very observant. She noticed a lot of things throughout the story. Like the relationship between the old women. The condition of the room, the way the old women spoke to each other. I dont think her personality has much effect on whats going on with the old women. The story takes place in an old womens home. Not too sure when this story takes place. It doesnt give too much detail on that. I think it would change the story a lot if he location were changed. Marian wouldnt of been able to observe or communicate with the old women if it were somewhere else, the way she did at the old womens home. I dont think it would of made sense anywhere else. The dictation Marians personality is very shy, scared, and nervous throughout the story. The first old womens personality was very outgoing, talkative and she liked to communicate. The second old women, Addie, was bitter, angry and very pessimistic. No, I dont think any of the characters personalities changed in the story. So it didnt effect the point of the story. Something that really puzzled me in the story was when the first old lady ran after Marian in the hall and sort of grabbed her by her hair and asked her for a penny. I didnt understand that point and I dont think it made much sense to the story. The conflict in the story is when Marian actually goes into the old womens room. The conflict isnt very clear, but its very obvious there is a problem. The first old women is very outgoing, and the second old women, is angry, and bitter. So theres a bit of clashing going on with them and it shows when they spoke to each other. The vents that led up to the plot are Marian going into the Old womens home, being in the room and communicating with them til finally she gets so scared she runs out. The theme of this story is also irony. Everything in the story conveyed the theme irony, only because everything seemed like the opposite of what it should have been. For instance when Marian goes to the old womens home for charity. The purpose of charity is to help people who cant help themselves, or to do something nice for someone. In the story, Marian isnt doing it to be helpful, she is only visiting the old omen for extra points for her campfire girls. Another example of the irony was the old women constantly disagreed or contradicted each other. One old women was overly optimistic and ignorant of Addles constant negativity and rudeness towards her. You would expect that since they are roommates and they have no one but each other, that they would get along more and respect each other more, but thats obviously not the case. The theme does provide insight on the human condition because I think that everyone portrays a little bit of irony in what they do. I dont think ny of the characters had an epiphany during the story. The Gift of Sweat The point of view in the story The Gift of Sweat is in first person narrative. What this adds to the story is that the author herself might Just be the character in the story. The author/character is in fact a reliable narrator, she is very descriptive and detailed. The story I think mainly takes place in Ricks apartment, although the story does period that it takes place, that is not very clear. I think changing the setting of the story would effect it. I think since it takes place at Ricks apartment, it kind of epresents a stronger relationship between the two. It gives off the sense that theres something between them, personally. If it were changed, for example like at a restauraunt or school, it wouldnt give off that vibe of the two being so close and somewhat intimate with eachother? It seems intimate only becaause of how the women goes to Ricks apartment, and at the end when he gets her a gift. The diction of the story The personality of Ricks women friend is caring and maybe somehow affectionate. Ricks personality is similar. They both are also very friendly with each other. Ricks haracter does change in the story, I think it happens when he suddenly gets sick. He becomes more weak and his personality seems like it changed also. The conflict in the story is when Rick suddenly gets sick. I didnt realize he was sick from aids, til I read the student analysis of the story in the textbook, so thats when I fgured out what was wrong with him. I main events leading up to the plot arent shown in the story, its sort of told to you. The story talks about Ricks friend Barry, who we later find out is Ricks lover. It starts from there. Barry dies from AIDS, and its nferred that Rick now has AIDS. The story reaches its climax when the lady friend comes to Ricks apartment and finds him sick. The resolution I think is when he goes to the hospital. I think the theme in this story is friendship. Im not 100% sure but im not getting any other ideas on it. The reason I think its friendship is because these two people share a close bond with eachother, and when one gets sick, the other tried to make things as easy as possible for the other friend. Like when Rick went to the hospital, the lady friend stayed behind at his apartment and cleaned for him, and

buy custom Universal Healthcare essay

buy custom Universal Healthcare essay In reference to the health care system, a single-payer health care system where only one administrator or a payer usually a government run organization, is charged with the responsibility of collecting all healthcare fees and also paying out all the health care costs from one pool of resource. Under this system, all doctors, hospitals and any other health provider in the state bills each entity separately for the service provided (Preker, 2005). However, in the disintegrated profit health care system, there is the presence of numerous, tens of thousands of autonomous health care organizations (HMOs) and billing agencies. This system is characterized by enormous waste of administrative resources. This paper compares and contrasts the two health care systems in terms of access, economics, administration and perspective of the patients. Contrast In terms of the access and benefits to the community, the single payer is different from the profit health care system in that health care is based on the need for the benefit and not on the ability to pay. Under the single payer, every citizen is entitled to and receives comprehensive health benefits under a medical cover that provides services for long term and home care, rehabilitation, prescription drugs, mental health care and both preventive and public health measures. On the issue of payment, hospital billing is non-existence, the hospitals ask for funding from the government pool to cover all their operating costs (Preker, 2005). The central authority is charged with budgeting for different issues such as hospital expansion, marketing and technological acquisition. Here in, the government acts as an employer and not an employer. In the profit health care system, each organization is charged with taking payment from the numerous insurance agencies in the states ad its persona l budgets for expansion. There are overall high administrative costs in the provision of profit health care system. This is due to the fact that each organization personally has departments dealing with the billing and collection of funds from the insurance providers (Sherrow, 2009). Such costs are minimal in the single payer health care system because the organization just collects funds from one payer; the government. The general accounting office approximates an average saving of 10% due to elimination of those private insurance bills coupled with administrative costs. A single payer health care system is essential in cost containment. An economic study in the 2004 published in a medicine journal (The New England Journal of Medicine) approximated that the introduction of a single payer health care system would realize a reduction in the cost of health care provision by about US$ 400 billion. Consequently, the trickle-down-effect would ensure that individuals pay less to receive the same level of service due to elimination of deductibles and copayments. The multi-payer profit oriented health care system presents the policy makers with complicated challenges in implementing a health care coordinated comprehensive policy. The single-payer on the contrary would be the simplest and also the most efficient health care system to be implemented and overseen by the legislators. Due to the ability to be effectively implemented, the system would also be successful. However, due to the centralized implementation, many business organizations in the facilitation of the health care system would go out of business. The insurance agencies, the organizations charged with the collection of funds among others would lose their businesses under the single-payer health care system. Similarities Both these health care systems have not been successful in the handling of the basic issue in the health care system; making the health care system affordable to the average citizen. The profit oriented health care system is depicted by the people paying more for each higher level of health care provided. The more that the person pays; the better the health care service provided. The single payer does not effectively provide the solution for the poor citizens. By making the health care accessible to all, the government has to raise taxes to cover for the broad health care scheme. The cost is therefore transferred to the consumers of the health care in terms of taxes. The poor citizens continue being overburdened by the scheme in terms of taxes, just like the profit oriented scheme would in terms of insurance contribution. Moreover, there is similarity between the two schemes in that they are both depicted by bureaucratic red tape especially in the collection of the funds by the health care providing organizations. Collection of payments from the numerous insurance agencies as well as the corresponding agency in the single payer health care system is a common challenge that both schemes have not been able to resolve. Conclusion Due to the capitalism and the free market enterprise that has thrived in the US economy since the founding of the nation, the profit oriented health care system has thrived at the expense of the single-payer health system and hence the universal health care system for all. The health care system debate has widely been confined to the politics of the nation with the proponents being branded communists. The debate should be based on the economics and the social effects of the scheme rather than the mere politics involved. Buy custom Universal Healthcare essay

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Property Law Asessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Property Law Asessment - Essay Example Private express trust which is governed by the precedent set by the case of Knight vs Knight of 1830. It sets out three certainties which need to be met in order for a trust to be met. These are certainty of matter, object and word. The followings are legal advise that Leo needs to know concerning the clauses in his draft will. 1. Under the law of trusts, for a disposition to be valid, three certainties must be met. Certaintyof matter, objects and words. Certainty of matter is Leos building shares, of intention is when he says that income from his building shares to go to Ben as long as he lives and of object is Ben himself2. This disposition is a fixed trust. In the case of Re Endacott 1959, a fixed trust is identified as the ability to identify the lists of beneficiaries. Here, Ben is a beneficiary therefore this trust is valid. 2. This disposition is a private express trust. In the case involving Knight vs. Knight3, three certainties must be present for a valid trust and Kassim be ing the only beneficiary, this trust is therefore a bare trust. The subject matter and intention of the testator is not clear in this situation since the word reasonable is vague. Leo has not given a precise value of what Kassim needs to earn from his blue chip companies.In the 1965 case of Golays Trust4, the word reasonable was extensively analyzed and it was allowed to stand in the legal principles of defining certainty of subject matter. The intention of Leo under this dispension is unclear and the case of Re Adams and the Kensington Vestry of 18845 analyzes if this disposition is valid. The case used the words in full confidence, and it failed because the words were not sufficientto create a trust. Another case, of Musoori Bank ltd andRaynor of 18826 used the words,In full confidence and the court ruled that words such as that cannot create a valid trust.Under the case Palmer vs. Simmonds 1854, the word bulk was used and it was considered insufficient in writing a will, since th e word itself is vague. Under similar circumstances, the word reasonable is vague and it requires more clarity from Leo. Therefore this trust is void. 3. Ben and Toby are the only beneficiaries of this disposition making this a fixed trust under the certainty of object law. However there is a possibility of Ben dying before making a choice and therefore this disposition is invalid under the principles set out in the Boyce and Boyce 1849 case. Where the testator gave one of his daughter, Maria a choice of taking one of his houses before his other daughter Charlotte. Maria died before choosing any house making the will void. Using this principles of this case, the trust will be void. 4. This is an example of a public express trust. Under the case of Knight vs. Knight, 1830, for a public express trust to be valid, there must be three certainties. Certainty of words, subject matter and objects. Under this case, there is certainty of subjects that are Sonya and Adaeze and certainty of ob jects that is the residuary estate. However, the word bulk is not certain. Under the case Palmer vs Simmonds 18547, the word bulk was found to be vague therefore using the same principles of Palmer and Simmonds, this trust is void. 5. This disposition is a purpose trust and under the law, it will not hold. The 1876 case of Musset vs Bingle 8prevented the erection of monuments for an individual and under the draft will; there are no beneficiaries for the monument. The case Morice vs. Bishop of

Terrorism in the modern world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Terrorism in the modern world - Essay Example The issue is further complicated when governments adopt violent tactics in the pursuit of their interests, provoking accusations of state terrorism. The quotation mentioned above from Giannini Riotta, speaking as the Deputy Editor of the Spanish newspaper Corriera del Sera, was made in the wake of the September 11th terrorist attacks of 2001 in the United States. The force of his statement is to argue that whereas terrorists formerly tried to gain publicity by staging events that the media could report on, they have now begun to specifically target media networks because in this way a terrorist â€Å"understands that that’s the right way to paralyse our world.† (Riotta, 2005) It is important at the outset to be clear about our definition of terrorism, as opposed to other activities which may involve some degree of violence tied to political motives. Wilkinson identifies five key features of terrorism: 1) It is premeditated and designed to create a climate of extreme fea r; 2) It is directed at a wider target than the immediate victims; 3) It inherently involves attacks on random or symbolic targets, including civilians; 4) It is considered by the society in which it occurs as ‘extra-normal’, that is in the literal sense that it violates the norms regulating disputes, protest and dissent; and 5) It is used primarily, though not exclusively, to influence the political behaviour of governments, communities or specific social groups. (Wilkinson, 1997, p.51) It is clear from each of these characteristics that a key distinguishing feature of terrorism is its intention to reach a far greater number of people than those immediately affected by any terrorist act. The media play a crucial role in providing a mechanism for passing on information, fear and all sorts of ideas from the terrorist group to the public at large. Journalists and editors have a responsibility to report the truth, and considerable lee-way in how they frame the facts and co mment on the issues. It is possible, for example, to report both the concerns of the terrorists and the dreadful consequences of their acts on innocent civilians, thus eroding arguments of terrorists by illustrating their disregard for human life. Journalists are not simply being used by terrorists, because they are responsible for what they write. Schmid and de Graaf focus on the modern mass media’s insatiable hunger for specatacle and drama and recommend a system in which journalists should have a voluntary code of conduct in reporting on terrorism and navigating the many moral dilemmas that arise in this field. Using the example of the 1985 hijacking of TWA Flight 847 by Lebanese Shia terrorists, Schmid and de Graf demonstrate the leverage which was gained by the hijackers, thanks to the mass media filming and commentating of the unfolding events. (Schmid and de Graaf, 1982, pp. 539-555) The visual elements of this â€Å"spectacle† ensured that it remained on televi sions and in newspapers throughout the world over several days while governments negotiated with the hijackers. The media sold many copies and filled many hours of airtime with commentary and debate, and this dependence of Western media on commercial income through sales can lead to a tendency to hype up and sensationalise terrorist activities. In the 1970s and 1980s there was an increase in the number of international terrorist activit

Jill Thompsons Proposal To Decentralise The Rules Commerce Essay

Jill Thompsons Proposal To Decentralise The Rules Commerce Essay I surely believe that his activity of decentralization can effect on company significantly. His first step was amazing, to analyze what is wrong, what he has to do to solve the problems, why the company research output and manufacturing productivity had steadily declined. After he had found the problems he started decentralization. I think decentralization of rules is a first step for recovering Bosco Plastic. It is because the previous one was made wrong, unplanned and haphazardly. Moreover the rules and procedures of the company was the same for every employees and time table for them was too flexible. For example labor could come whenever they wanted between 8:00 and 10:00 and leave after 9 hours. It is uncommon for company which has 400 employees. Time table has to be strongly made individually or divided into groups. There are must be the time when labor has to arrive and the time when they leave. This touches also breaks. The time table of employees directly connected with prod uctivity. By the way the situation on developing area was also even worse . There were not excellent conditions for engineers and chemist. The punching machine was broken and even if there was opportunity to make something new it was too difficult to put on production. To sum up, to make decentralization better Jill can make a research and analyze the situation more carefully. It is very important to make rules with the help of supervisors, managers and employees. 1.1 Compare and contrast different organizational structures and cultures Organizational structure is a common principles on which the organizations management structure is built and the process controlled. That means organizational structure illustrates schematic interaction between different labors. There is always a need for a people in the business to know who is in charge, what is their role and who turn to if there is any problem. All of these questions could be answered by organizational structure. It is important to know that different firms have structured differently. A structure of enterprise relies on the organizations strategy and objectives. Types of organizational structures:C:Usersà Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã‚ ·DesktopOBob.jpg Line organizational structure (figure 1) is the simplest hierarchical management structure, also known as a bureaucratic. Line structure consists of chief and several subordinate employees, large companies can also have up to 3 to 4 or more levels of hierarchy. Fifure 1 Source (http://www.bscdesigner.com/setting-up-balanced-scorecard-concept-for-business-hierarchy.htm) Functional Structure is described in figure 2. As we see from the name the main idea of the structure is to divide company into several specialized group, ie each controller is specialized in the implementation of specific activities or departments. Each group has own responsibilities, duty and they are not connected directly. For example financial controller is not able to influence to customer service. However customer service manager can influence to planning manager because planning manager is one of the department of customer service.. C:Usersà Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã‚ ·DesktopOB790550803004.png This structure is best suited for firms which produce standardized goods or services at low cost and large volumes. Product Based Structure C:Usersà Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã‚ ·DesktopOBdesign5.gif In this type of structure firms divided by products, projects or geography. This allows a company to have a particular focus on specific items in its business operations. Each group concentrated on own product or serve. This method is now gaining ground in large enterprises, which are expanding the range of products, where the other method would only complicate the structure of the organization. Source(http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/design.htm) The Divisional structure .This type of structure is more complicated rather than product based or functional. In the structure company is split up into several self contained business units which are called division, each of which operates as a profit center. Division may engage in production of specific types of products, work in a particular area or on a particular market.C:Usersà Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã‚ ·DesktopOBDivision.png Source(http://www.bscdesigner.com/setting-up-balanced-scorecard-concept-for-business-hierarchy.htm) Matrix structure is a most complicated organizational structure. Matrix one is combination of two different structures usually line and functional structure. In matrix structure, knowledge and skills of the talented employees could be shared between the functional departments and the project management teams, as needed. In this organization structure, usually employees have two managers to whom they may have to report. Which manager is more powerful-it depends on the type of matrix structure.C:Usersà Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã‚ ·DesktopOBOrganization Structure3.jpgSource(http://sameh.wordpress.com/2006/05/13/a7/) Organizational culture is a coordinate system that helps employees build their behavior both inside the company and outside of it. This is what unites them values, business philosophy, which includes the mission, vision, general purpose, beliefs and habits. It is an atmosphere which is formed within the group, the rules that a novice should learn to be accepted by the team, norms and traditions that occur over time in the team. Charles Handys organizational culture types. Power a culture that is dominated by the head of the organization has a strong influence over the people. These organizations have a simple structure, few rules and procedures but with well -understood, implicit codes on how to behave and work. They are authoritarian, tightly controlled workers. This type of culture can quickly respond to changing situations, make decisions quickly and organize their implementation. The big disadvantage of power culture is the size of the organization. Therefore, it can be effective only for relatively small firms. The success of the organization with the power culture is entirely determined by abilities and qualifications of head of organization Role in this case members activities are formalized and standardized in details. It is the culture of the bureaucratic type, based on official capacity, a clear system of rules and regulations, the distribution of rights, duties and responsibilities of the members of the organization, which ensures its effective existence for a long time. However, the effectiveness of the role culture firstly depends on the rational division of work and responsibility, and not on individual personalities. Task culture culture, which focuses on successful execution of tasks or projects. The effectiveness of the organization mostrly connected with a high professionalism of employees and cooperative group. Task culture tries to connect the appropriate resources and appropriate staff at the right level and to enable them to do the job well. This culture is characterized by: a high degree of autonomy, evaluation the job by results, informal working relationships within the group, mutual respect based on personal skills.C:Usersà Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã‚ ·DesktopOBelle-smart-fig-2 (1).jpg Person a culture in which the central point is the individual. The culture exist primarily to serve and help their members. Power in such an organization is based on proximity to resources, professionalism and ability to negotiate. It is only a coordinating nature. Examples of person culture can be law firms, small consulting firms, unions, journalists and architects, etc. Source (http://www.ivoryresearch.com/elle-smart.php) 1.2 What kinds of rules and procedures do you think the department managers will come up with? Which departments will be more formalised? Why? Firstly I want to notice that Jill Thomson made an excellent decision to ask department managers to create new rules and procedures to their area. The first great changing I think will touch the entire procedures. Also the rules will be not the same in whole each department will have different rules. Except this time table for employees will be not flexible as it was. For example employees will not able to come wherever they want between 8:00 and 10 am. Managers have to create time table for each member or divide them for several groups as it shown in the table and breaks as well. # Group Day In Break out 1 A Mon,thue,sat 09:00 13:30-14:30 18:00 2 B Thur.Sun.Wen 11:00 14:30-15:30 20:00 3 Developing department Mon-friday 10:00 14:00 15:00 19:00 4 Mostly changes need in developing department as the company is an innovation company which is produces toys. The sale depends on new product the more new products the more the sale. So the profit directly connected with this department. Jill has to mansion it and pays attention to this department more. First of all the punching machine has to be changed. Also the going down to the local dime store must be returned. Moreover the implementation new toys should be simpler. Supervisors and Managers should give monthly statement about their stuff and work. 1.2 Explain how the relationship between an organisations structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business. Organizational structure can be compared to a foundation of management system, which is built to ensure that all the processes taking place in company implemented in a time and accurately. Thats why there is the enormous attention from leaders of organizations, focusing on the principles and methods of building structures of the organization, the selection of types and species, the study of trends and assessment of relevant tasks of the organization it shows the urgency and importance of the topic in the current conditions. The structure of the organization includes all of the tools that is carried out: -Distribution of activities between the components of the Organization; -Coordination of the activities of these components. Indeed, without the structures employees would simply be unmanageable crowd, or, at best, a set of independent groups, not an organization. Structure one of the main characteristics of the organization regardless of whether it is a tennis club or charity, workers cooperative or a multinational corporation. The main characteristics of the organizational structure is divided into sections (departments, sectors, etc.), as well as accountability and subordination. But there are other features (for example, information systems and numerous procedures for coordination) , which cannot be shown in this scheme. Organizational culture is something for which people have become members of the organization, how are relations between them, what rules and principles of life they share, what they think is good and what is bad, and a lot more of what relates to the values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of and norms. This not only differentiates one organization from another, but also significantly determines the success of the operation and survival of the organization in the long term. As the culture plays a very important role in the life of the organization, it should be the subject of attention from management. Management is not only consistent organizational culture and is highly dependent on it, but may in turn have an impact on the formation and development of organizational culture. To do this, managers must be able to analyze the organizational culture and influence on its formation and the change in the desired direction. Organizational culture creates internal, spiritual core of the company, promotes team building, creates a sense of awareness among the staff and responsibility for their work. The organizational culture of the team improves and solves problems as personal development of staff and the development of the organization. It is a prerequisite for the formation of stable and efficient working team, a clear vision of the mission of the organization. 1.3 What risks will the company face if it establishes different procedures for different areas? Explain your reasons by analysing the merits and demerits of organic and mechanistic structures with regard to changes proposed by Jill Thompson. I think that the company will not face serious problems with it , because in my opinion Thompson does not want hugely changes , he tries to put the company on right way. First of all if we consider this situation by changing organization structure from organic to mechanistic one we have to know what are they. Mechanistic Organic Individual specialization: Employees work separately and specialize in one task Joint Specialization: Employees work together and   coordinate tasks Simple integrating mechanisms: Hierarchy of authority well-defined Complex integrating mechanisms: task forces and teams are primary integrating mechanisms Centralization: Decision-making kept as high as possible. Most communication is vertical. Decentralization: Authority to control tasks is delegated. Most communication lateral Standardization: Extensive use made of rules Standard Operating Procedures Mutual Adjustment: Face-to-face contact for coordination. Work process tends to be unpredictable Much written communication Much verbal communication Informal status in org based on size of   empire Informal status based on perceived   brilliance Organization is a network of positions,   corresponding to tasks. Typically each   person corresponds to one task Organization is network of persons or teams. People work in different capacities simultaneously and over time Source (http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/organic_vs_mechanistic_structure.htm) The previous structure was mechanic structure. This structure characterized by using formal rules and procedures. In this case all employees of the company must act strictly according to the instructions and do not deviate from them. So in Bosco Plastic all employees had the same rules and procedures. However organic one is not formal, rules can be changed, better adapted to rapid changes in external conditions and the emergence of new technologies. Also employees are treated as certain patterns of behavior, so the emphasis is on motivation, various very complex systems of remuneration and bonuses, benefits package and so on. If youre a good worker and executes corporate or production levels, will give you a bonus to the salary, health insurance, pensions, canteen, cellular pool with a gym. Mostly Bosco looked like a mechanic one in my opinion. The company did not pay attention to employees. The big problem will touch I think supervisors and managers because they will have more duties and responsibilities. For example they have to find different approaches to each employee. Employees will face problems as well. They have to change their habits which they used. Sometimes there are will be misunderstanding but the changings need to this company. 1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behaviour at work. According to Michael Mattson and John Ivancevich, the most factors that impact on individual differences in behavioral  patterns  are abilities and skills, perception, demographic factors, attitudes and  personality. Personality usually refers to uniqueness of each person and personal features that make him or her differ from other people. In fact, personality is based on predictability how a person will act or react under different circumstances .Thus, personality affects other people in an organization through interaction. Sometimes mix of different characters can lead to conflict between two or more people which afterwards may decrease effectiveness of team. That is why, leaders of groups should provide teammates with quizzes that can identify their personality. After that people with the same personal features will be work in one group in order to avoid misunderstanding. Perception is the cognitive process by which a person interprets the environment. It is a process of awareness of what is happening around us, through selection of interpretation of information from the external environment. It is a way of forming ideas about themselves and the world. Perception is a filter which helps to analyze information before it will have an impact on people. Everyone is an artist that paints a picture in their minds of the world, which reflected his personal vision of reality. Because of individual differences in preferences, personal qualities, values and interests people often see the same things differently. Managers should take into account the differences in perception. Attitudes and values are main factors that influence individual behavior. Actually, personal attitudes are an integral part within the organization that can influence on positive and negative behavior. Brooks (2003) states that, attitudes based on direct experiences can be very strong and very hard to break. First of all, an attitude includes some emotional elements such as mood, beliefs, opinions and other aspects. In addition there are four types of attitudes such as: organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), job satisfaction, job involvement and organizational commitment (Brooks, 2003). Many people prove that attitudes are not entrenched in our character as deeply as values. For instance, values give us a sense to understand what is good and bad or right and wrong (Brooks, 2003). Besides this, values in organization can create and develop specific corporate culture. Consequently, certain established values will differentiate organizations from their competitors. According to Rock each and Ball-Rockeach (1989) values can be terminal and instrumental. Basically, terminal values are based on peace, security, partnership and other elements. Whereas, instrumental values expressed in a form of behaviour in order to achieve these terminal values. On the other hand, attitudes and values can lead to conflict between individuals and groups. Thus, it will be difficult to establish a certain culture within the organization. Abilities and Skills: Ability is a physical capacity of an individual to do something. Skill can be termed as the ability to act in a way that accepts a person to perform well. Ability and Skills have great impact on the  individual behavior  and performance. An employee can perform well in the company if his skills and abilities are matched with the  job  requirement. The managers are of great relevance in matching the skills and abilities of the employees with the specific  job  requirement. How would you describe the organization culture at Greenscape? Under the different types of culture, what type of culture, do you think, operating in Greenscape? Justify your views with evidence. The Greenscape had grown from a one-person firm into large company with twenty full-time employees working in six to eight crews. The founder of Greenspace , Lita Ong kept organization culture open and friendly. She was aware of employees problems and tried help them. For instance, she got up every morning at five-thirty in order to arrange schedules so that Johnson could get his son out of daycare. By paying attention to needs and problems of employees, she was able to become friends of employees rather than their boss. This helped her to keep its employees loyal to company. When Greenscape went in trouble because of not opened mall, employees did not left organization and they were ready to work without payment. The organization culture in the Greenscape can be described as task culture. It focuses on successful execution of tasks or projects and effectiveness of the organization mostly connected with a high professionalism of employees and cooperative group. This type of organization culture involves high degree of autonomy and informal working relationships within the group which was present in Greenscape. The employees of it were able to concentrate on task fulfillment because their boss was helpful for them. As it was stated in the case study, Lita Ong knew how to deal with her employee Emily when she was depressed because of her boyfriends behavior. This support from Greenscape founder, helped to retain employees in companys hardship. How large can such a company get before it needs to change its culture and structure? And why it is important to change culture and structure? Discuss briefly the benefits and difficulties that Greenscape have to cope with changing its culture and structure as the company gears for its growth. It can be challenging to change the culture of an existing organization than to create a culture in a brand new organization. If organizational culture is already established, people must unlearn the old values and behaviors before they can learn the new ones. The small companies usually have to adopt their culture when they grow bigger. In addition, organization should properly develop future structure of it because one manager cannot handle too many employees. It is essential to employ certain organizational structure such as matrix or divisional. In case of Greenscape, Lita Ong concentrated mostly on short term problems like employee absenteeism or their problems. Lita Ong had to get up early to make schedules which could be delegated to other employee. Lita Ong should more consider businesss long term goals and employ other staff which will deal daily issues. The founder of Greenscape created friendly atmosphere within organization which helped keep employees loyal. This was beneficial to organization because personnel of Greenscape were ready to work month without payment. On the other hand, Lita Ong had difficulties in managing business and employees in the same time. To avoid this kind of difficulties, Lita Ong should more concentrate business development and delegate managing employees to other person. 2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations. In our society, every group of people led and influenced by leaders. In every organization, there are leaders who help meet organizations goals. According to Greenberg and Baron (2003), leadership is process when one person influences other members of group toward achievement of specific group or organizational goal. . Besides, leadership has a lot of theories that describes style of management. One of them is behavioral theory. Actually, this concept is focused on what leaders do and how they act in a certain situation. According to Mullins (2005), good leadership includes effective combination of empowerment and delegation. It means that good leader have to able to control and delegate tasks effectively. Study of leadership styles helps to managers of organization avoids many issues like job strikes. There are four leadership styles: Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-faire and Paternalistic. Autocratic leaders do not advice with other their decisions and them but their decision made quickly (mindtools, 2010).C:Usersà Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã‚ ·DesktopOBleadership(5).jpg Source(http://www.leadershippost.com/) In Autocratic style leaders try to take part in every activity which are happening in the company and try to control everything. All important decision made by them as well. The leader decides how the work has to be done and by whom. The style is most effective in situations where the company, or followers, seem to be drifting aimlessly. According to Dogra (2011) Authoritarian leadership style examples can be found in the real world in people like Bill Gates and John F Kennedy. Bill Gates followed the authoritarian style and steered Microsoft towards unbelievable success. According to Bill Gates, he had a vision when he took reins of the company and then used all the resources available to make that vision a reality. His success can be judged from the way personal computers industry has advanced in America todayC:Usersà Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã‚ ·DesktopOBleadership-styles.jpg Paternalistic style is similar to autocratic but here leaders can be consulted by some of their employees before making decision. A famous example of a participative leader is an American  business magnate, television personality and author Donald Trump who manages The Trump Organization. According to : Donald Trump is known for his eccentricity and unconventional businesses practices. He exhibits an unconventional leadership style, which is characterized by many characteristics. One of those is the need for power. This is exhibited by every piece of real estate Mr. Trump owns. Every casino, building or golf course has his name on it. He is eccentric, powerful, but yet he makes very smart business decisions. He is also a risk taker but He always consult with his staf before making decisions   Democratic style is characterized by the distribution of powers, initiative and responsibility between the manager and deputy, leader and subordinates. Leaders make decision with consulting their staff. According to Dogra(2011): Example is a manager has newly joined a firm. He is still learning how various things function in the organization. In such a situation, he relies on the suggestions and opinions of his team members and lets them do the things the way they are used to, till the time he is able to gain sufficient knowledge and can suggest some more feasible changes. Laissez-faire style is characterized by a lack of active participation in the management of a team leader. Such a leader, drifting, waiting for instructions from above or requires or is taken under the collective. Prefer not to take risks, low profile shirk the urgent resolution of conflicts, trying to reduce their personal risk. Work ride, rarely controls it. This leadership style is preferred in creative teams, where employees are different independent and creative individual. C:Usersà Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã‚ ·DesktopOBleadstyle.jpg Source(http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadstl.html) 2.2 Explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management. Organization theory is the study that analyzes the principles, laws and rules of the organization, its evolution, the mechanisms, the interaction of its parts, impacts of external and internal factors to achieve new goals. Scientific management Scientific management or Taylorism is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows, improving labour productivity. The core ideas of the theory were developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s, and were first published in his monographs, Shop Management (1905) and The Principles of Scientific Management (1911). Frederick Taylor believed that decisions based upon tradition and rules of thumb should be replaced by precise procedures developed after careful study of an individual at work. Its application is contingent on a high level of managerial control over employee work practices. In scientific management the practical implementation of specific activities preceded by a thorough scientific analysis of work processes and conditions for their implementation, as do practical measures based on the achievements of modern science and best practices. An essential part of the scientific management is division of labor. For proper operation of the company or organization, you must first assign employees to specific jobs and assign each a concrete job functions. This is achieved by selecting the best division of labor and division of the entire scope of work into separate parts, each of which performs a specific employee. According to vectorstudy.com (ND): The four objectives of management under scientific management were as follows: 1. The development of a science for each element of a mans work to replace the old rule-of-thumb methods. 2. The scientific selection, training and development of workers instead of allowing them to choose their own tasks and train themselves as best they could. 3. The development of a spirit of hearty cooperation between workers and management to ensure that work would be carried out in accordance with scientifically devised procedures. 4. The division of work between workers and the management in almost equal shares, each group taking over the work for which it is best fitted instead of the former condition in which responsibility largely rested with the workers. Self-evident in this philosophy are organizations arranged in a hierarchy, systems of abstract rules and impersonal relationships between staff. According to psylist.net (ND): Taylor was one of the first who began to use psychological tests in employment and used observation, interviews and questionnaires as well. He first raised the question about the connection process with the activities and the psyche of people. Bureaucracy Bureaucratic management can be described as a formal system of organization based on clearly defined vertical hierarchical levels and roles in order to maintain efficiency and effectiveness. German sociologist Max Weber was the first who demonstrated the advantages of the bureaucracy as a management system. According to Weber, bureaucracy is the most efficient form of organization. The organization has a well-defined line of authority. It has clear rules and regulations which are strictly followed. Characteristics Of Bureaucratic Organizations Management by rules Management by rules and regulations provides a set of standard operating procedures that facilitate consistency in both organizational and management practices .The activity of each member of the organization subject to regulations aimed at streamlining the process of management. Ideally, these rules should make the predictability of each employee and the organization. Although the rules can be modified, but, in general, they should be stable over time. Division of labor Every employee has certain responsibilities and scope of work, which cannot duplicate the scope of the powers of other members. Formal hierarchical structure Bureaucratic structure of the organization can be compared to a pyramid: the majority is in its base, and a minority at the top. Each person included in this vertical hierarchy, led by lower people and, in turn, is subject to a higher. As a result it helps to monitor the activities of each member organization. Written documents All actions, rules and decisions taken by the organization are formulated and recorded in writing. Written documents ensure that there is continuity of the organizations policies and procedures. 2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organizations. Approach to the management includes goals, laws, principles, methods and functions, management technology and practice management. Types: human relations approach; systems approach; contingency approach The Human Relations Approach emphasizes the importance of human needs in the workplace, and the consideration of management practice and job d

The Person Whom I Like Most

The person whom I like most Life is very difficult. Once it brings us happy. Once it brings us worry. Those are the ways of life. The personnel who live with us change their behavior according to situations. Most of people like to share only happiness. When we happened to face worry they simply escaped. But I met one person in this world being with me happy, as well as worry. She was not any other than my mother. Name of my mother is D. M. Bandaramanike. She was born in my village too. She was a grate mother for seven children.I think it is a pleasure to be one of them. Now, my mother is passing her Sixty Seven year of age. But she is in a good health. Still she is doing her all works herself. I was able to succeed a lot of goals in my life. I think, I am a perfect man than others in this world. Today I am satisfied with my education, knowledge and position that I have in this society. I think, behind all these, was my mother. Her guidance made me a perfect man. She did not punish me in my life. She advised me to be a good man.Her advice was not to learn everything in the books. She taught me if I could understand what happen â€Å"you are a good, intelligent man†. My aim is to be such kind of a person in this society. My mother gave me a lot of love, faith, kindness and such things. Those things helped me to succeed in my life. Now the time has come to give my love, faith and kindness to my mother. I hope to be friend for my mother. Today, that is my major responsibility I wish her, to be the mother forever. P. M. T. U. Bandara

Good News Bible The Testament And The New Testament

The term â€Å"Bible† is an interesting one as it potentially encompasses many different entities. There are thousands of versions of the Bible, many arranged and presented in a variety of ways. They vary physically in content, and as I recently discovered aren t necessarily Christian. Below I delve into a rather interesting version of the book published in 1976 by HarperCollins (in conjunction with the American Bible Society). Good News Bible is a compilation of the Old Testament and the New Testament in their entirety (the American Bible Society had actually made their version of the New Testament available a decade prior). This information is made easily available in small print on the first few pages just as in most relatively modern books. The society was founded in 1816 and its goal has always been to make the Bible more intelligible. The stories contained within the Good News Bible don t deviate from those that most Christians are accustomed to, however, the way which these stories are conveyed is rather unique. The book is written in simple everyday English and it is comprehensible to nearly everyone with even the slightest grasp of the language. The basic elements of the book (including cover, binding, paper, font, headings, maps, paper, illustrations, chronology, etc.) are all incorporated deliberately and make it apparent that Good News Bible is intended to make reading the Bible a far less daunting task. Good News Bible is distinctive, because it embodies aShow MoreRelatedHistory of the Bible Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesCanonization of the Bible The process by which the English Bible, as it is known to the English culture today, was compiled is an extraordinary thing to see. The Bible consists of two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The process by which both Testaments were written and then canonized into one book transpired over a period of many years. Once the canonization of the Bible officially came to an end, it was translated into English. Since then, many versions of the modern Bible have been madeRead MoreThe Old Testament Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Old Testament can be very hard for many people to look to for guidance. The difficulty often comes because the questions they have in today’s society may not relate to the Old Testament. â€Å"Much biblical scholarship is narrowly historical-critical and does not seek to draw out the ethical-theological dimensions of the text.† (297) Pastors have the task of relating the Old Testament to today’s problems and it can be quite a challenge. Addressing moral issues is a difficult issueRead MoreHow We Got The Bible1382 Words   |  6 PagesHow We Got the Bible Ever since I was born I have been attending church. At this young age they teach you everything about the main stories or the main points of the Bible. At my church I learned stories from Noah’s ark to the story of Adam and Eve eating the apple from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. I learned about who was the narrator of the Bible and who created our earth. I never knew who were the people that printed out the pages or chose a specific font for the Bible. I didn’t haveRead MoreThe Old Testament And New Testament1704 Words   |  7 Pagesread the Old Testament to discover the story and character of God that is concealed within the pages of the Old Testament stories. By taking a little time to understand the context of the stories in the Old Testament readers can see the faithfulness, loving nature, and kindness of God. Most times people are dissuaded from reading the Old Testament books because they assume God is mean and harsh within those pages, but that simpl y isn’t the truth. God is revealed in every story in the Bible – Old TestamentRead MoreThe Bible Is The Best Gift God Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bible, although written by man is God s word to the world. The unity showed in the bible over such a long period of time, and over multiple continents is proof that it was written by something more than just a mere human, and that it was instead written by someone with divine power. The bible’s timeline spans centuries, but the impact that the bible has will continue indefinitely. Although there are millions of believers there is also almost an equal amount of skeptics. Because no physical evidenceRead MoreThe Old Testament And New Testament1373 Words   |  6 Pagesof studies in the New Testament. The New Testament catches many attentions because it describes Jesus’ life and birth of the church. As people focus more on the New Testament, the Old Testament is viewed as an unnecessary book to read. Chris tians have debated whether the Old Testament is needed to be read. Many Christians have claimed that the Old Testament is unnecessary to the biblical study with the New Testament containing all the study materials needed. Even so, Old Testament is vital literatureRead MoreCapital Punish Relating to The Old Testament Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pages Why do some christians agree with the capital punishment? Some Christians feel that the Bible has spoken to the conflict, but many believe that the New Testament replaces the Old Testament law. Skimming through the Old Testament you can find many cases in which God orders the use of capital punishment, with the acts of God Himself. God was somehow involved directly or maybe indirectly, in the taking of life as a punishment for Israel or whomever threatened or harm the city of Israel. In GenesisRead MoreBoring s Introduction Of The New Testament898 Words   |  4 PagesBoring’s Introduction to the New Testament, was a very interesting book. It detailed just about everything you would want to know about the New Testament and then some. He left no stone unturned in taking you deep into the history of every book and just about every writer that wrote the books of the New Testament. Boring is a very detailed writer, he takes you beyond what you think that you might know and in his own way breaks it down in a kind of complex way. The title explains the subject justRead More You Promised Us Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pagesthat New Testament writers use to connect the Hebrew Bible with the Christian New Testament. Fulfillment deals with the very words of the prophets who, according to New Testament writers, verbally predicted events that the Messiah would accomplish. Typology is similar, yet it is not a prediction, nor does it directly correlate to future events in the manner that fulfillment does. Rather, it is simply an event from the Hebrew Bible that is said to foreshadow another event in the Christian New TestamentRead MoreReflection Of The Old Testament741 Words   |  3 Pagesof the most marked and hopeful signs of our time is the increasing attention given on all sides to the study of Holy Scripture. Those who believe and love the Bible, who have experienced its truth and power, can only rejoice at such an issue.† The Bible is a tool that can be used to assist in positive living and assist in living a morally good life. If taught correctly, meaning not used to manipulate people for self-satisfaction, it can be a timeless tool that can go from generation to generation.